Information Technology
Class-10
Unit- 4 Web Applications and Security
PART-II
D. Short Answer Type Questions:
1. What is a dial-up connection? What are the pre-requisites for dial-up connection?
Answer: A dial-up connection is a way to access the internet using a standard telephone line and a modem.
We need the following for a dial-up connection:
* A computer: A computer with fast processing speed usually more than 600 MHz and RAM not less than 128 MB.
* A Modem: A modem is required to communicate with other computers on the internet.
* A telephone connection: A telephone line is required to transmit data from your computer over the internet.
* TCP/IP: You need a protocol like TCP/IP
* Web Browser: You need a web browser such as Internet explorer.
2. What is the leased line connection?
Answer: Leased connection is the secured, dedicated and the most expensive Internet connection. Leased connection is also known as direct Internet access. With leased connection your computer is dedicated and directly connected to the Internet using high speed transmission lines.
3. Write the general format of an e-mail address. Discuss it with a suitable example.
Answer: The general format of an email address is:
local-part@domain
For example- jsmith@yahoo.com
E-mail address consists of two parts. The part before the @ symbol identifies the name of a mailbox. i.e. the username of the recipient. The part after the @ symbol is a domain name that represents the administrative.
4. Give the minimum requirement of connecting to internet.
Answer:
We need the following for a dial-up connection:
* A computer: A computer with fast processing speed usually more than 600 MHz and RAM not less than 128 MB.
* A Modem: A modem is required to communicate with other computers on the internet.
* A telephone connection: A telephone line is required to transmit data from your computer over the internet.
* TCP/IP: You need a protocol like TCP/IP
* Web Browser: You need a web browser such as Internet explorer.
5. What is Internet? Write some advantages and disadvantages of Internet.
Answer: Network of networks is called a Internet. Internet is the major service tool and resource that is being used by almost every person across the globe.
The world wide web is a collection of all the web pages, web documents that you can see on the Internet by searching their URL on the Internet.
Advantages:
* Global connections through virtual communications
* E-commerce
* Online education
Disadvantages:
* Loss of personal information
* Spread of fake news
* Internet addiction and time wastage
* Physical and mental health issues
6. What is a search engine? How does it work?
Answer: The information searching tools on the world wide web are called search engines. A number of websites on the internet have their own search engines.
A search engine is a program that helps you to find information on the internet related to a particular topic.
A search engine has three major elements.
First is the spider, also called the crawler. The spider visits a web page, reads it, and then follows links to other pages within the site.
Second part of the search engine is index. The index, sometimes called the catalog.
Third part of a search engine is search engine software.
7. What is e-learning? Mention some of its benefits.
Answer: E-learning is the use of electronic technology to deliver, support and enhance teaching and learning. It is the use of new multimedia technologies and the internet to improve the quality of learning by facilitating access to resources and services.
Advantages:
* Reduced overall cost
* Personalized learning
* Flexibility
* Interactive
8. What is video-conferencing? What are the different ways to conduct a video conference?
Answer: Video conferencing is a technology that allows users in different locations to hold face-to-face meetings without having to move to a single location together, i.e., the users sitting at different places can have a face-to-face conversation.
Different ways to conduct a video conference:
* Individuals may use web cameras connected to built in laptops, tablests, or desktop computers.
* Smart phones equipped with cameras may also be used to connect for video conferences.
* Some businesses use dedicated video conferencing rooms that have been equipped with high grade cameras and screens to ensure that the conversation is clear and with limited technical faults.
9. What is a chat-room?
Answer: A chat-room is a virtual place where users of internet can share their ideas by typing messages, between two or among more people during a chat session.
All the conversations take place via chat room during a chat session. During a chat session each and every user types his message on his screen, which appears on the other user's screen.
10. What is e-Banking and what are its advantages?
Answer: E-banking is an electronic payment system that enables customers of a bank or other financial institution to conduct a range of financial transactions through the financial institution's website.
Advantages of e-Banking:
1. Permanent access to the bank.
2. Less time consuming
3. Easy to use
4. E-banking helps to transfer the money immediately and accurately.
11. What do you mean by e-ticket?
Answer: An e-ticket, or electronic ticket, is a digital record of confirmation or admission to an event, service, or activity. E-tickets are typically stored on a computer or other electronic device and can be presented digitally for entry or validation.
12. What are social networks?
Answer: Social Networks are groups of individuals who share similar interests or traits. A social network is defined as a chain of individuals and their personal connections.
Social networking are:
* Facebook
* LinkedIn
* Twitter
* WhatsApp
* Instagram
13. Define the terms:
a. e-groups b. e-reservations
Answer:
a. E-groups: An e-groups is a feature in many social networking services which allows users to create, post comment and read from their interest specific virtual communities. E-groups is formed to provide mini networks within the larger, more diverse social network service.
b. e-reservations: E-reservation essentially means making a reservation or appointment for a service via the internet. e-reservations include airline reservations, hotel reservations, restaurant reservations, train reservations, theatre seat reservations and even a doctor's appointment.
14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of e-shopping?
Answer:
Advantages:
* Save Time: With just a couple of clicks of the mouse, you can purchase your shopping list and instantly move to other important things, which can save time.
* Save Fuel: Ne need of vehicles, no need to go anywhere and hence, e-shopping saves fuel.
* Ease of Comparison: You can compare offerings and pricing at different stores with the simple click of a button.
Disadvantages:
* Lose of tactile experience: You don't have an opportunity to touch and feel items you are considering for purchasing.
* Satisfaction: Communicating dissatisfaction can be difficult online and often takes enormous patience and tenacity of achieve satisfaction.
* No testing: You do not have the option of testing the product before it delivery. The product might have satisfying.
* No fix time for delivery: The online shopping sites do not provide fix time for delivery.
15. List some social networking sites.
Answer:
Social networking site are:
* Facebook
* LinkedIn
* Twitter
* WhatsApp
* Instagram
16. List some popular search engines.
Answer: A search engine is a program that helps you to find information on the internet related to a particular topic.
Some popular search engines are:
* Google
* Bing
* Yahoo
* Ask.com
* Aol search
17. Write two advantages of e-mail.
Answer: Advantages of E-mail:
* Fast: An e-mail is delivered instantly thus, it provides fast communication.
* Global: An e-mail can be sent anywhere in the world.
* Cheap: The biggest advantage to using e-mail is that it is cheap, even when sending message to other states or countries.
18. Write the difference between e-mail and video conferencing.
Answer: E-mail is a service which allows us to send the message in electronic mode over the internet. It offers an efficient, inexpensive and real time mean of distributing information among people.
Video Conferencing video conferencing is a technology that allows in different locations to hold face-to-face meetings without having to move to a single location together, i.e. the users sitting at different places can have a face-to-face conversation.
19. Give advantages of electronic mail over ordinary mail.
Answer: Advantages of E-mail:
* Fast: An e-mail is delivered instantly thus, it provides fast communication. Ordinary mail takes more to deliver.
* Global: An e-mail can be sent anywhere in the world. Ordinary mail is difficult to send globally.
* Cheap: The biggest advantage to using e-mail is that it is cheap, even when sending message to other states or countries. Ordinary mail is costly.
20. What do you understand by e-Governance?
Answer: Electronic governance is the application of information and communication technology for delivering government services, exchange of information, communication transactions, integration of various standalone systems and services between government to citizen, government to employees as well as back office processes and interaction within the government framework.
21. What are the accessibility options under Windows 7 or Windows 10?
Answer: The accessibility tools in windows 10 are available in Ease of Access Center. Accessibility tools are:
* Narrator: The narrator is the first option in ease of access.
* Magnifier: This feature helps anyone who has poor eyesight or difficulty reading their screen.
* Color and High contrast: People with visual impairment or color blindness can use this feature to alter the overall color scheme so it is easier to read text.
* Closed captions: If you struggle to read white subtitles on a video, movie or television show, especially on a light background, you can use the closed captions feature to edit the colors and background of any caption text.
22. How can you set keyboard for disabled user?
Answer: The keyboard options in ease of access has always been one of windows shining points. There are many keys for disabled users:
* Sticky keys
* Toggle keys
* Filter keys
23. What is the use of Narrator in Windows?
Answer:
Narrator: The narrator is the first option in ease of access. You can access the narrator by going to Settings>Ease of Access>Narrator and get your computer to read to you. For blind, color blind or those with low vision, narrator helps them read the text as you type, websites, notifications, in app content and specific out loud.
24. What is E-commerce?
Answer: The term Electronic Commerce is the use of an electronic medium to carry out commercial transactions over the internet.
Applications of E-commerce:
* Online marketing and purchasing
* Retail and wholesale
* Finance
* Manufacturing
* Online auction
* E-Banking
25. Write a note on online payment.
Answer: Online payment is the electronic transfer of funds between a consumer and a merchant over the internet. It is a way to conduct financial transactions without using physical cash.
Online payments methods:
* Credit and debit cards
* Digital wallets
* Bank transfers
* Mobile wallets
26. What are the different types of modes for online payments?
Answer: There are different types of modes for online payments:
* Banking cards
* Debit cards
* Bank transfer
* Digital wallets
* UPI(Unified payment interface)
* NEFT
* RTGS
* IMPS
* Digital currencies
27. What is a secure password?
Answer: A secure password is long, random, and unique:
*Length: A strong password is at least 12 characters long.
* Randomness: Use a combination of uppercase and lowercase letters, numbers, and symbols.
* Uniqueness: Use a different strong password for each account. Avoid using common words, names or birthdays.
28. What is an OTP? What are the uses of OTP?
Answer: A one time password is a unique, temporary code that's used to verify a user's identity during a login attempt or transaction. OTPs are used to add an extra layer of security and protect against fraud and cybercrime.
29. What is the difference between LAN and WAN?
Answer:
LAN: LAN use local connections like ethernet cables and wireless access points.
LANs are faster, because they span less distance and have less congestion.
WAN: WANs use wide area connections like MPLS, VPNs, leased lines, and the cloud. WANs are slightly slower, but that may not be perceived by your users.
30. Write the names of different network topologies.
Answer: Names of different network topologies:
* Bus topology: A central cable, or bus, connects all devices in a series.
* Ring topology: Devices are connected in a circle, with each device having two neighbors.
* Star topology: All devices are connected to a central hub, switch, or central computer.
* Tree topology: A variation of the star topology, tree topology connects star networks by integrating bus networks.
* Point-to-point topology: A simple topology that directly links two nodes and reserves the entire bandwidth of the connection for them to communicate.
31. What is the difference between bus and star topology?
Answer:
* Bus topology: A central cable, or bus, connects all devices in a series.
* Star topology: All devices are connected to a central hub, switch, or central computer.
32. Why do we need security for Internet?
Answer: Internet security, also known as cybersecurity, is important because it protects your personal information, data, and digital funds from cyber threats. These threats include:
* Phishing
* Malware
* Ransomware
* Spam
* Data breaches
33. What is P2P architecture?
Answer: In the common client server architecture, multiple clients communicate with a central server.
A peer-to-peer architecture consists of a decentralized network of peers nodes that can work both as clients as well as servers. P2P networks distribute the workload between peers and all peers contribute and consume resources within the network without the need for a centralized server.
34. Write the names of any three instant messaging applications.
Answer: Instant messaging app:
* Google Talk
* Skype
* Windows Live Messenger
35. What is the use of Google Talk?
Answer: Google talk, now known as hangouts, is Google's cross platform messaging system. It lets you send text messages, make phone calls and video calls from almost any device to any other device. It is useful for streamlined communication across many different devices.
36. Write any two precautions while browsing to the Internet.
Answer:
* Make secure internet connection: Although using public Wi-Fi is not recommended, it's sometimes unavoidable when you are out and about.
* Choose strong passwords: Passwords are one of the biggest weak spots when it comes to cybersecurity. People often choose passwords that are easy to remember and , therefore, easy for hackers to crack with hacking software.
37. How can you delete browsing history from the browser you use?
Answer: Steps to delete browsing history from the browser:
1. Open chrome
2. Select more in the top right corner
3. Select history
4. Select delete browsing data on the left
5. Choose how much history to delete
6. Check the box next to browsing history
7. Select delete data.
38. What is phishing?
Answer: Phishing is a type of online scam that involves sending fraudulent communication that appear to come from a legitimate source. The goal of phishing is to steal sensitive data, such as login information and credit such as login information and credit card numbers.
39. What is spoofing?
Answer: Spoofing is a cybercrime where a person or entity impersonates a legitimate source to gain access to personal information, money, malware, or data.
40. What is chat spoofing?
Answer: Chat spoofing is a type of cybercrime that involves impersonating someone in a chat conversation to trick the recipient into believing they are communicating with someone they know or trust.
41. Write about basic safety rules to follow at a workplace.
Answer: Basic safety rules to follow at a workplace:
* Be aware: Stay alert and attentive to your surroundings.
* Use the right tools:
* Wear protective equipment
* Report unsafe conditions
* Follow procedures
* Maintain a clean workspace
* Take breaks
* Communicate hazards
* Be responsible
42. How can you provide electrical safety at workplace?
Answer: To provide electrical safety in the workplace you can:
* Develop an electrical safety culture
* Use personal protective equipment
* Use lockout procedures
* Comply with electrical codes and standards
43. What are common causes of falls and slips at workplace?
Answer: Common causes of slips and trips in the workplace include:
* Floor conditions
* Housekeeping
* Lighting
* Footwear
* Walking surfaces
* Other hazards
44. What are trips at workplace?
Answer: A trip in the workplace occurs when a person's foot hits an object or uneven surface, causing them to lose their balance and potentially fall. Trips are a common cause of injuries at work, and can lead to other accidents like falls from height or into machinery.
Causes of trips in the workplace:
* Obstacles
* Poor housekeeping
45. How can we avoid falls and slips?
Answer: To avoid slips and trips, you can:
* Identify hazards
* Maintain cleanliness
* Use proper footwear
* Walk at a safe pace
* Use handrails
* Use step stools
* Use carts
* Use warning signs.
46. What are various fire safety rules?
Answer: Fire safety rules include:
* Fire escape plan
* Fire exits
* Firefighting equipment
* Fire alarms
* Electrical safety
* Flammable materials
* Open flames carefully
* Fireworks
47. What is first aid?
Answer: First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with a medical emergency, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until medical services arrive.
48. What is an accident?
Answer: An accident is an unexpected event that results in injury, damage, or death. An accident is an event that happens unintentionally and results in harm, injury, or damage. Accidents can be caused by carelessness, mistakes, or unforeseen circumstances.
49. List any four types of accidents.
Answer:
1. Road traffic accident
2. Slips, trips and falls types of accidents
3. Workplace accidents
4. Medical accidents
50. What is an emergency?
Answer: An emergency is an urgent, unexpected, and usually dangerous situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property or environment and requires immediate action.
51. How can we handle accidents at workplace?
Answer: If an accident occurs at the workplace you should:
* Seek medical attention
* Secure the scene
* Report the accident
* Document the incident
* Follow up
* Investigate
* Prepare a report
52. What are different types of emergencies?
Answer: Different types of emergencies:
* Chemical emergency
* Financial emergency
* Constitutional emergency
* Disease outbreak
* Power outage
* Active shooter
53. How can we handle emergencies at workplace?
Answer: To handle emergencies in the workplace you can:
* Develop an emergency plan
* Train staff
* Report emergencies immediately
* Have first aid kits
* Handle hazardous material safely
* Maintain and update the plan
54. Write any three situations of emergency that require evacuation.
Answer:
* Natural disasters: Such as volcanoes, tropical cyclones, floods, earthquakes, tsunamis and wildfires.
* Industrial accidents: Such as chemical spills, nuclear accidents, explosions.
* Transport emergencies: Such as road accidents, train wrecks, or plane crashes.
* Medical emergencies: Such as heart attacks, strokes, severe allergic reactions, or accidents requiring immediate medical attention.
55. What is a hazard?
Answer: A hazard is a situation or process that has the potential to cause harm, such as injury or ill health to people, damage to property or equipment, environmental degradation, and social and economic disruption.
56. Write any four types of hazards.
Answer: Types of hazards:
* Moving forklifts
* Noisy machinery
* Chemicals
* Electricity
* Working at heights
* Repetitive jobs
57. What is evacuation?
Answer: An evacuation happens when people are removed from or leave a dangerous place. An approaching hurricane sometimes results in the evacuation of islands and coastal towns.
58. What is an evacuation plan?
Answer: An evacuation plan is a structured strategy designed to help people prepare for the risk of fire and other emergencies by outlining procedures for safe and efficient evacuation from a building or area to prevent injuries and deaths.
59. What is the meaning of healthy living?
Answer: Healthy living means making choices that promote a healthy body and mind. It involves a balance of responsible health choices such as:
* Eating well
* Exercising
* Sleeping well
* Managing stress
* Avoiding harmful substances
* Taking care of yourself
* Promoting emotional and spiritual wellness
60. Mention any four healthy living habits.
Answer: Healthy living habits:
* Exercise: Regular exercise can help you maintain a healthy weight, strengthen your heart, and build muscle.
* Eat a healthy diet: Eat a balanced diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. A healthy diet can reduce your risk of malnutrition and no communicable diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and cancer.
* Stay hydrated: Drink at least eight glasses of water each day. Drinking enough water helps carry nutrients and oxygen to your cells, an flush bacteria from your bladder.
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