Thursday, October 2, 2025

What is the database management system DBMS? Class-10-Part:B-Unit:3-Ch:1:

CBSE SOLUTIONS-2025-26
CLASS-10-PART-B
unit-3 database Management system using lobreoffice base

chapter- 1 Introduction to Database Management System

A. Fill in the blanks:
Q1. ____ is a collection of raw facts and figures that have not been processed into meaningful information.
Ans: Data
Q2. ____ is processed data that is meaningful and useful for decision making.
Ans: Information
Q3. A ____ key is a unique identifier for each record in a table and cannot contain null values.
Ans: Primary Key
Q4. ____ keys are used to establish a relationship between two tables in an RDBMS.
Ans: Foreign Keys
Q5. RDBMS organizes data into ____.
Ans: Tables
Q6. A ____ key consists of two or more attributes that uniquely identify a record in a table.
Ans: Composite Key


B. True or False
Q1. RDBMS does not support relationship between tables.
Ans: False
Q2. Data becomes information when it is processed and given context.
Ans: True
Q3. In a database, information is stored as organised data.
Ans: True
Q4. RDBMS uses Structured Query Language (SQL) to interact with the database.
Ans: True
Q5. A database is an organised collection of data that can be easily accessed, managed, and updated.
Ans: True
Q6. In a DBMS, data is always stored in a flat file format.
Ans: False
Q7. Data redundancy is minimised in an RDBMS due to normalisation.
Ans: True
Q8. A primary key in a database table can have duplicate values.
Ans: False

C. Multiple Choice Questions
Q1. Which of the following is a characteristic of RDBMS?
a) Data is stored in files
b) Data is stored in tree structure
c) Data is stored in tables with rows and columns
d) Data is stored in a linear sequence
Ans: c) Data is stored in tables with rows and columns

Q2. What is the primary key in a relational database?
a) Unique identifier for each row in a table
b) A field that contains duplicate values
c) A key used to link tables together
d) A field that contains numerical data only
Ans: a) Unique identifier for each row in a table

Q3. In DBMS, which of the following is used to describe the structure of the database?
a) Data
b) Schema
c) Information
d) Record
Ans: b) Schema

Q4. In RDBMS a foreign key is used to:
a) Uniquely identify records in a table
b) Establish relationship between tables
c) Store numeric data only
d) Delete records from a table
Ans: b) Establish relationship between tables

Q5. What is the full form of DBMS?
a) Database Memory System
b) Database Management System
c) Data Based Management System
d) Data Bank Management Software
Ans: b) Database Management System

Q6. Which of the following is an example of information?
a) Roll list of numbers
b) A table containing customer names and addresses
c) A random string of characters
d) A single integer value
Ans: b) A table containing customer names and addresses

Q7. Data in DBMS is typically stored in:
a) Object
b) Array
c) Files
d) Details
Ans: c) Files

Q8. Which of the following is not a type of database model?
a) Hierarchical
b) Network
c) Relational
d) Algorithm
Ans: d) Algorithm


D. Very Short Answer Questions
Q1. What is data?
Ans: Raw facts and figures without context.
Q2. What is information?
Ans: Processed data that is meaningful and useful.
Q3. How is data different from information?
Ans: Data is raw facts, while information is processed data with meaning.
Q4. What is the main purpose of a database?
Ans: To store, organise, and manage data efficiently.
Q5. What is Data Integrity in DBMS?
Ans: Maintaining accuracy, consistency, and reliability of data.
Q6. What is a key feature of DBMS?
Ans: Reduced redundancy, security, and data sharing.
Q7. How does DBMS improve data sharing?
Ans: It allows multiple users to access and update data simultaneously.
Q8. What does a primary key do in a database?
Ans: It uniquely identifies each record in a table.

E. Short Answer Questions
Q1. What is the purpose of data backup and recovery in DBMS?
Ans: To protect data from loss and restore it after failure.
Q2. What is one key advantage of using a DBMS?
Ans: It reduces redundancy and ensures data consistency.
Q3. How does RDBMS differ from DBMS?
Ans: DBMS stores data in files; RDBMS stores data in tables with relationships.
Q4. How does a composite key work in RDBMS?
Ans: It combines two or more fields to uniquely identify a record.
Q5. What is the significance of primary key in RDBMS?
Ans: It ensures each record is unique and prevents null/duplicate entries.
Q6. What are the main functions of a DBMS?
Ans: Data storage, retrieval, update, security, backup, concurrency control.


F. Long Answer Questions (Detailed)
Q1. Define record with example.
Ans:
A record is a collection of related data items that describe a single entity in a database. In RDBMS, each record is stored as a row in a table, and every row contains values for different columns (attributes).
For example, in a Student table with columns – Roll No, Name, Age, Class:
A record could be → (Roll No: 101, Name: Ali, Age: 20, Class: 12th).
Here, the record represents one student and contains all the details related to that student.
Thus, a record is a meaningful collection of fields that together represent information about one particular object or person.
Q2. What is data and how is it used in a database?
Ans:
Data is defined as raw facts, figures, symbols, or details that by themselves may not carry much meaning. Examples include numbers, names, dates, measurements, etc.
In a database, this data is systematically stored in tables (rows and columns) so that it can be:
1. Organised properly without duplication.
2. Processed into information that becomes meaningful.
3. Retrieved quickly for decision-making.
For example, a company stores customer data such as names, phone numbers, and addresses. When organised in a database, this raw data can be processed to generate information like “Top 10 customers” or “Monthly sales report”.
Hence, data is the foundation of any database system.
Q3. What are key components of a database?
Ans:
The main components of a database are:
1. Tables:
Data is stored in rows (records) and columns (fields). Example – a Student table with Roll No, Name, Age.
2. Schema:
It defines the logical structure of the database (tables, fields, relationships, constraints).
3. Keys:
Used to uniquely identify records (Primary Key, Foreign Key, Composite Key).
4. Indexes:
Improve the speed of data retrieval by creating a quick reference to records.
5. Queries (SQL):
SQL is used to interact with the database – insert, update, delete, and fetch data.
6. Data Dictionary (Metadata):
Stores details about the database objects, such as data types, table structures, and user permissions.
 Together, these components make a database efficient, secure, and easy to use.
Q4. What are the features of a DBMS and how do they benefit users?
Ans:
A Database Management System (DBMS) has several important features:
1. Data Security:
Protects data from unauthorized access using passwords, permissions, and encryption.
→ Benefit: Ensures only authorized users can view or modify data.
2. Data Integrity and Consistency:
Ensures that stored data is accurate and reliable by applying rules and constraints.
→ Benefit: Reduces errors in decision-making.
3. Reduced Redundancy:
Normalisation removes duplicate data.
→ Benefit: Saves storage and avoids inconsistency.
4. Data Sharing and Multi-user Access:
Multiple users can access the database at the same time.
→ Benefit: Improves teamwork and productivity.
5. Backup and Recovery:
Provides automatic backup and recovery options in case of system failure.
→ Benefit: Prevents permanent data loss.
6. Scalability:
Can handle small as well as very large amounts of data.
In short, DBMS makes data management easier, safer, and more reliable for organisations and users.
Q5. Explain the types of keys in an RDBMS.
Ans:
Keys are special fields or a combination of fields used to uniquely identify records and establish relationships between tables. The main types of keys are:
1. Primary Key:
A unique identifier for each record in a table. It cannot have null or duplicate values.
Example: Roll No in a Student table.
2. Foreign Key:
A field that creates a relationship between two tables. It refers to the primary key of another table.
Example: “Dept_ID” in Employee table refers to Dept_ID in Department table.
3. Composite Key:
A key made up of two or more attributes that together uniquely identify a record.
Example: (Student_ID + Subject_Code) can uniquely identify exam results.
4. Candidate Key:
All fields that can potentially serve as a primary key.
Example: Roll No and Aadhar No both can be candidate keys in a Student table.
5. Alternate Key:
Candidate keys that are not chosen as primary keys.
6. Super Key:
A set of one or more attributes that can uniquely identify a record, including primary and composite keys.

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