CBSE-SOLUTIONS
CLASS-9
PART-A
UNIT-I COMMUNICATION SKILLS-I
Chapter-2 COMMUNICATION CYCLE
1. What is communication?
Answer: Communication is the process of exchanging information, ideas, thoughts, feelings, or emotions between two or more persons through words, symbols, signs, or behavior. It involves a sender transmitting a message to a receiver who understands it.
In simple words, it is the act of sharing meaning and creating understanding between people.
2. What is business communication?
Answer: Business communication is the sharing of information, ideas, and messages within and outside an organization to achieve business goals. It includes internal communication (between employees, departments) and external communication (with customers, suppliers, stakeholders).
It helps in decision-making, coordination, motivation, and smooth functioning of the business.
3. What is the role of communication in business?
Answer: Communication plays a vital role in business:
* It helps in planning, organizing, directing, and controlling business activities.
* It improves coordination among employees and departments.
* It facilitates decision-making by providing necessary information.
* It motivates employees and builds good relationships.
* It reduces misunderstandings and conflicts.
* It helps in building the image of the organization with customers and stakeholders.
4. What is George Terry’s theory of communication?
Answer: According to George R. Terry, “Communication is an exchange of facts, ideas, opinions or emotions by two or more persons.”
Terry emphasized that communication is essential for effective management. It acts as a lubricant that makes the management process smooth. Without proper communication, managerial functions like planning, organizing, and controlling cannot be performed effectively.
5. How does D.F. McFarland define communication?
Answer: D.F. McFarland defines communication as “the process of meaningful interaction among human beings.”
More specifically, it is the process by which meanings are perceived and understandings are reached among human beings.
His definition highlights that communication is not just transferring information but creating mutual understanding.
6. What are Newman and Summer’s views about communication?
Answer: Newman and Summer view communication as “an exchange of ideas, facts, opinions or emotions between two or more persons.”
They believe communication is essential for organizational success. Effective communication helps in achieving common goals by ensuring that everyone understands the message clearly.
7. Define communication process.
Answer: The communication process is the step-by-step method through which a message is sent from the sender to the receiver and feedback is received.
It includes elements like sender, encoding, message, channel, receiver, decoding, and feedback.
It is a continuous and dynamic process that helps in exchanging information and creating understanding.
8. Define encoding and decoding of the message.
Answer:
Encoding: It is the process in which the sender converts his thoughts, ideas, or feelings into symbols, words, signs, or gestures so that the message can be transmitted.
Decoding: It is the process in which the receiver interprets or translates the encoded message back into thoughts or understanding.
Effective communication occurs only when the receiver decodes the message in the same way the sender intended.
9. What do you mean by semantic gap?
Answer: Semantic gap (or semantic barrier) refers to the misunderstanding or difference in the interpretation of words, symbols, or language between the sender and the receiver.
It occurs when the same word or message has different meanings for different people due to differences in education, culture, experience, or language.
Example: The word “fast” can mean quick or to stop eating, causing confusion.
10. What do you understand by feedback?
Answer: Feedback is the response or reaction of the receiver to the sender’s message.
It completes the communication loop and confirms whether the message has been properly understood.
Feedback can be verbal (words) or non-verbal (nodding, facial expressions). It helps the sender know if any correction or clarification is needed.
11. Explain communication process.
Answer: The communication process consists of the following steps:
Sender: The person who wants to convey the message.
Encoding: Converting ideas into symbols/words.
Message: The encoded information.
Channel/Medium: The way the message is sent (email, phone, face-to-face, etc.).
Receiver: The person who receives the message.
Decoding: The receiver interpreting the message.
Feedback: The receiver’s response to the sender.
Noise or barriers may disturb this process at any stage.
12. Describe Bovee, Thill and Schatzman model and Shannon Weaver model.
Answer:
Bovee, Thill and Schatzman Model: This is a practical business communication model. It emphasizes the complete communication process in a business context, including clear purpose, audience analysis, message organization, and effective delivery with feedback. It focuses on achieving business objectives through professional communication.
Shannon Weaver Model (also called Mathematical Model): Developed by Claude Shannon and Warren Weaver in 1949.
It includes: Sender → Encoder → Channel (with noise) → Decoder → Receiver.
This model is linear and focuses on technical transmission of information. It introduced the concept of “noise” that can distort the message. It is more technical and less focused on meaning/feedback.
13. Explain Murphy’s model and Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model.
Answer:
Murphy’s Model: This model highlights the importance of feedback and two-way communication. It shows communication as a continuous process where the receiver’s response (feedback) helps improve future messages. It is useful in organizational settings for better understanding.
Berlo’s S-M-C-R Model (1960):
S = Source (Sender)
M = Message
C = Channel
R = Receiver
Berlo emphasized that effective communication depends on the skills, attitudes, knowledge, and social-cultural background of both sender and receiver. It also includes encoding and decoding. This model is more comprehensive as it considers human factors affecting communication.
Hard Words from UNIT-I:
Communication संचार / संप्रेषण
Sender प्रेषक / भेजने वाला
Receiver प्राप्तकर्ता / सुनने वाला
Message संदेश
Channel / Medium माध्यम / चैनल
Feedback प्रतिक्रिया / फीडबैक
Encoding एन्कोडिंग / संदेश को रूप देना
Decoding डिकोडिंग / समझना
Verbal Communication मौखिक संचार
Non-Verbal Communication अ-मौखिक संचार
Visual Communication दृश्य संचार
Barrier बाधा / रुकावट
Perspective दृष्टिकोण / नजरिया
Prejudice पूर्वाग्रह / पक्षपात
7Cs of Communication
Clear, Concise, Concrete, Correct, Coherent, Complete, Courteous (स्पष्ट, संक्षिप्त, ठोस, सही, सुसंगत, पूर्ण, शिष्ट)।
Clarity स्पष्टता
Conciseness संक्षिप्तता
Courtesy शिष्टाचार / विनम्रता
Coherence सुसंगतता
Visual Perception दृश्य धारणा
Global Village वैश्विक गाँव
Body Language बॉडी लैंग्वेज / शारीरिक भाषा
Gesture इशारा / मुद्रा
Facial Expression चेहरे का भाव
Influence — प्रभावित करना
Share thoughts/ideas/feelings — विचार/भावनाएँ साझा करना
Misunderstanding — गलतफहमी
Noise (as barrier) — शोर
Culture — संस्कृति
Past Experience — पिछला अनुभव
Environment — वातावरण
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